![]() ![]() This Thai woman aged 31 years was diagnosed as “Cardiac arrest with anaphylaxis following contact with a venomous animal”. One of the two latest deaths which was probably due to a box jellyfish sting was on July 31st 2015 and was quite naturally of great concern to the public (Nation TV. It should be poured continuously on the wound for at least 30 s. Household, food grade vinegar (4–6 % acetic acid) is effective in acid fixation based inactivation of unfired nematocysts. Proper first aid carried out at the scene is crucial for the survival of an injured individual who has been stung by a box jellyfish. With the sparsity of information the magnitude of the problem is likely to be underestimated. These islands are located in the Gulf of Thailand. ![]() Three out of four fatal cases occurred on the islands of Pha-ngan and Samui in the Surat Thani province. reported at least four fatal and four near fatal probable box jellyfish cases in Thailand. While the Thai surveillance system of toxic jellyfish injuries and deaths that was established in 2009 identified at least 38 toxic jellyfish cases within 1 year period, Thaikruea et al. However, only 51 cases were diagnosed as being in the toxic jellyfish category, one case of neuropathy from the neurotoxin of a jellyfish, and one case of suspected Irukandji syndrome. a study of the morbidity and mortality rates of toxic jellyfish stings from thirty-three health services in the southern provinces of Thailand (Surat Thani, Krabi, Phuket, and Satun), there were 381 cases involving toxic jellyfish between 20. Thus, diagnosis of Irukandji syndrome (often associated with carybdeid stings) and other box jellyfish envenomation sequelae has been rare in Thailand. The injured person who received a high dose of toxin can die within a few minutes, Local physicians, nurses and other health personnel still lack the necessary knowledge regarding box jellyfish, despite there being reports of envenomation incidents in Thailand. Envenomation by Chironex can lead to “rapid cardiorepsiratiory depression”. The most lethal member of Chirodropidae is Chironex fleckeri. There are two major families of box jellyfish, are Chirodropidae and Carybdeidae. The venom is a complex mixture of polypeptides and proteins, including hemolytic, cardiotoxic and dermatonecrotic toxins. Envenomation involves the physical discharge of venom into tissues. It is widely known that box jellyfish are one of the most venomous marine animals in the world. Optimal pre-clinical care is an area of active research. There is an urgent need for informed pre-clinical emergent care. The islands of Samui and Pha-ngan have the highest incidence of fatal and near fatal box jellyfish cases in Thailand. Among the cases with known first aid, only one out of six fatal cases had vinegar applied to the wounds (16.7 %), while haft of six surviving cases received the vinegar treatment. One fatal case received fresh water and ice packs applied to the wounds (16.7 %). The wound characteristics had an appearance similar to caterpillar tracks or step ladder-like burn marks. More than half of the cases were unconscious. All cases developed symptoms and signs immediately after being stung. Eight cases occurred on Samui (53.3 %), 6 cases on Pha-ngan island (40.0 %), and one case on the boat. The highest incidence by month were August (33.3 %), September and October (20.0 %), and July (13.3 %). A small majority of them were women (60.0) with a median age of 26.0 years (range 5.0–45.0 years). Outbreak investigations were conducted retrospectively and prospectively from 2008 to 2015. Toxic jellyfish networks and surveillance system were established. Various strategies were integrated prospectively. We aimed to determine the magnitude of cases of severe stinging by box jellyfish and describe the characteristics of these cases on the islands of Samui and Pha-ngan in Surat Thani Province from 1997 to 2015. More evidence has been requested from the communities in order to evaluate the need for and the implementation of sustainable prevention measures. Despite recent deaths caused by box jellyfish envenomation occurring on the islands of Samui and Pha-ngan in the Gulf of Thailand, many people do not believe box jellyfish can kill humans and many people dismiss the problem as insignificant. ![]()
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